Horizontal Communication
Horizontal communication flows between people at the same level within an organization — for example, between colleagues in the same department or team leaders across different departments. It facilitates coordination, knowledge sharing, and collaborative problem-solving without the need for information to travel up and down the hierarchy. Effective horizontal communication reduces bottlenecks, breaks down silos, and is essential for cross-functional project work and agile organizational structures.
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Game-based Learning
Game-based learning (GBL) uses game mechanics — such as points, levels, challenges, and rewards — to deliver educational content in an engaging format. Games motivate learners through competition, narrative, and immediate feedback, making them particularly effective for skill practice and knowledge reinforcement. Game-based learning ranges from simple quiz games to complex simulations and serious games developed for specific professional training scenarios.
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Normal view (slide view)
Normal View is the default editing mode in Microsoft PowerPoint. It displays the current slide in the center panel, a thumbnail panel on the left for navigating between slides, and a notes panel at the bottom for speaker notes. Normal View is where most presentation editing takes place — adding content, formatting text, inserting images, and adjusting layouts. It provides a clear, work-focused interface for building and refining individual slides.
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Learning Management System (LMS)
A learning management system (LMS) is a software platform used to create, deliver, manage, and track educational programs and training. Organizations use LMS platforms to host e-learning courses, manage enrollments, monitor learner progress, and generate compliance reports. Common LMS platforms include Moodle, Cornerstone, and TalentLMS. An LMS acts as the operational backbone of an organization's digital learning strategy, connecting learners, content, and administrators in one place.
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