Hybrid Learning
Hybrid learning combines in-person instruction with online or digital learning elements. Some students or participants engage physically in the same space as the instructor, while others join remotely or access content asynchronously. Hybrid learning offers flexibility and broader reach without fully replacing face-to-face interaction. It is widely used in universities, corporate training, and continuing education programs, particularly since remote-capable infrastructure became standard in many organizations.
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Audience Response System (ARS)
Audience Response Systems (ARS) are technical solutions that are used in presentations in order to increase the interaction between the presenter and the audience. There are various forms of ARS that offer different features.
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Informal Communication
Informal communication is spontaneous, unstructured interaction between people that falls outside official organizational channels. It includes hallway conversations, team chat messages, lunch discussions, and impromptu calls. While informal communication is not planned or documented, it plays a vital role in organizational culture — building relationships, sharing tacit knowledge, and enabling faster problem-solving. In remote and hybrid workplaces, replicating the natural flow of informal communication has become an important design challenge.
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Formal Communication
Formal communication follows established channels, structures, and protocols within an organization or institution. It includes official announcements, board reports, written policies, structured presentations, and any message delivered through authorized pathways. Formal communication is carefully worded, documented, and often subject to approval or review processes. It ensures accountability and consistency, particularly in regulatory, legal, or governance contexts where clear records are essential.
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